PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Which screening methods are recommended for colorectal cancer?

1. Yearly mammograms and chest X-rays

2. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and colonoscopy every 10 years

3. Blood tests annually and CT scans every 3 years

4. Ultrasounds and genetic testing every 5 years

The correct answer is: Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and colonoscopy every 10 years

Colorectal cancer screening is crucial for early detection and prevention. The recommended methods include flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and colonoscopy every 10 years, which are well-supported by clinical guidelines. Flexible sigmoidoscopy allows for direct visualization of the rectum and the lower part of the colon, enabling healthcare providers to identify and remove polyps before they can develop into cancer. This procedure can be performed less frequently than a colonoscopy because it only examines a portion of the colon, yet it still provides valuable insights into potential abnormalities. On the other hand, a colonoscopy provides a comprehensive view of the entire colon and rectum, with the ability to biopsy and remove larger polyps as needed. The ten-year interval is based on the understanding that if no abnormalities are found, the risk of developing colorectal cancer in that time frame remains relatively low. Utilizing these two complementary methods allows for effective monitoring of colorectal health and significantly decreases the mortality risk associated with colorectal cancer. Establishing a regular screening routine can lead to earlier intervention, which is key to successful treatment outcomes. Other options, such as mammograms, chest X-rays, blood tests, CT scans, ultrasounds, and genetic testing, are not considered standard recommendations for