PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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Prepare for the PAEA Surgery EOR Exam. Test your knowledge with flashcards and multiple choice questions, with hints and detailed explanations. Gear up for your surgical rotation success!

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What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperplasia
Adenoma
Carcinoma
Genetic mutation

The correct answer is: Adenoma

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is an adenoma. Parathyroid adenomas are benign tumors that develop in one of the parathyroid glands, leading to an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This excess PTH results in increased calcium levels in the blood, which can cause various symptoms and complications, including bone pain, kidney stones, and abdominal discomfort. Adenomas account for approximately 80-85% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, making them the predominant cause. While hyperplasia, carcinoma, and genetic mutations can also result in primary hyperparathyroidism, they occur much less frequently. Hyperplasia involves the enlargement of multiple parathyroid glands and is the second most common cause but is still less prevalent than adenomas. Carcinoma is rare and accounts for only a small fraction of cases. Genetic mutations, such as those seen in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, can lead to primary hyperparathyroidism, but these genetic factors are not as common as sporadic adenomas. Thus, understanding that adenomas are the leading cause is essential for recognizing and managing this endocrine disorder.