PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the hallmark symptom of ulcerative colitis?

1. Severe abdominal pain

2. Bloody diarrhea

3. Constipation

4. Nausea

The correct answer is: Bloody diarrhea

The hallmark symptom of ulcerative colitis is bloody diarrhea. This condition primarily affects the colon and rectum, leading to inflammation and ulcer formation in the intestinal lining. As the disease progresses, the affected areas can bleed, resulting in the passage of blood mixed with stool. Patients frequently report frequent, urgent bowel movements, often accompanied by blood or mucus, which is a distinguishing feature of this inflammatory bowel disease. Other symptoms of ulcerative colitis can include abdominal pain and cramping, but these are not as specific to the condition as bloody diarrhea. Constipation and nausea might occur in different gastrointestinal disorders but are not characteristic of ulcerative colitis. The presence of blood in the stool is a critical diagnostic criterion and a key indicator that helps differentiate ulcerative colitis from other conditions such as Crohn's disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Understanding this symptom is essential for recognizing the condition and guiding appropriate management and treatment.