PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is myoglobinuria?

Presence of blood in urine
Presence of muscle breakdown products in urine
Presence of bacteria in urine
Presence of crystals in urine

The correct answer is: Presence of muscle breakdown products in urine

Myoglobinuria refers to the presence of myoglobin in the urine, which occurs when there is muscle breakdown. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissue that binds oxygen and releases it for use during muscular contraction. When muscle tissue is damaged, as seen in conditions like rhabdomyolysis, myoglobin is released into the bloodstream and subsequently filtered by the kidneys, leading to its appearance in urine. This condition can be associated with various causes such as severe muscle injury, prolonged immobilization, or intense physical exertion. The presence of myoglobin in the urine can lead to a characteristic dark brown or tea-colored appearance, prompting further investigation into the underlying muscle damage. The other options do not align with the definition of myoglobinuria. For instance, blood in the urine would indicate hematuria rather than myoglobinuria. The presence of bacteria in urine pertains to a urinary tract infection, and the presence of crystals relates to certain metabolic disorders or kidney stones. Each of these conditions has different implications and causes, underscoring the importance of accurately identifying myoglobinuria specifically as a marker of muscle injury.