PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is a Pancoast tumor?

1. A tumor in the lower lung

2. A tumor that spreads to the heart

3. A tumor located at the apex of the lung

4. A benign lung lesion

The correct answer is: A tumor located at the apex of the lung

A Pancoast tumor is specifically defined as a type of lung cancer that is located at the apex, or the top portion, of the lung. This location is significant because Pancoast tumors can have unique clinical features and symptoms due to their proximity to major structures in the upper thorax, including the brachial plexus and sympathetic chain, which can cause pain in the shoulder or arm, Horner's syndrome, or other neurological symptoms. The diagnosis often requires imaging studies for proper identification, and these tumors frequently present with a combination of local invasion and pulmonary symptoms. Because these tumors are situated in such an atypical location compared to other lung tumors that might arise in the lower regions or elsewhere, understanding their precise location is crucial for treatment planning and management. The options provided highlight different tumor characteristics, but only a Pancoast tumor is specifically categorized by its apex lung location.