PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What can be a treatment option for itching/hives reactions?

1. Type IV antihistamine

2. Glucocorticoids

3. H1 antihistamines like Cetirizine or Diphenhydramine

4. Oral steroids

The correct answer is: H1 antihistamines like Cetirizine or Diphenhydramine

H1 antihistamines, such as Cetirizine or Diphenhydramine, are effective treatment options for itching and hives reactions because they specifically target histamine, a key mediator in allergic responses. When the body encounters an allergen, histamines are released, leading to symptoms like itching, whelping, and redness. H1 antihistamines function by blocking the action of histamine at the H1 receptors, which helps alleviate these symptoms. These medications are generally fast-acting and can provide relief for acute allergic reactions, making them suitable for managing conditions involving hives (urticaria) and pruritus (itching). Cetirizine, being a second-generation antihistamine, is less sedating than first-generation antihistamines like Diphenhydramine but still effectively reduces itching and the appearance of hives. While glucocorticoids and oral steroids can be used to manage more severe allergic reactions or inflammation, they are not primarily first-line agents for treating itching and hives. These are usually reserved for cases where symptoms are more prolonged or there is significant inflammation. Type IV antihistamines are not a recognized class; hence, they do not contribute to the treatment of hives or itching