Hyperthyroidism is caused by antibodies that stimulate which type of receptors in the thyroid?

Hyperthyroidism, particularly in its most common form known as Graves' disease, is primarily caused by autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on the surface of thyroid follicular cells. These antibodies mimic TSH, leading to increased production and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)). This overstimulation leads to the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as weight loss, increased heart rate, and anxiety.

The other options refer to receptors that do not play a role in the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism. Insulin receptors are involved in glucose metabolism, while ADH (antidiuretic hormone) receptors regulate water balance in the kidneys. Autonomic receptors, while involved in the regulation of various bodily functions, do not directly impact thyroid hormone production. Hence, the focus on TSH receptors in the context of hyperthyroidism is essential for understanding its underlying mechanism.